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Vol. 294, Issue 3, 1106-1111, September 2000
Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin,
Milwaukee, Wisconsin (M.O., H.M., M.N., M.C., L.F.T.); Department of
Toxicology, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-Ku, Japan (M.N.); and Basic
Research Laboratory, Toray Industries Inc., Kamakura, Japan (H.N.)
We have previously demonstrated that both endomorphin-1 and
endomorphin-2 produce their antinociception by the stimulation of
µ-opioid receptors. However, the antinociception induced by endomorphin-2 contains an additional component, which is mediated by
the release of dynorphin A (1-17) acting on
-opioid
receptors. These studies were done to determine whether the
antinociception induced by endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 given
supraspinally was mediated by the activation of different descending
pain control pathways in the mouse. Specific receptor antagonists or
antisera against endogenous opioid peptides were injected intrathecally to block the receptors or bind the released endogenous opioid peptides,
and endomorphin-1 or endomorphin-2 was then administered i.c.v. to
activate the descending pain control systems to produce antinociception. The tail-flick response was used as antinociceptive test. The blockade of the
2-adrenoceptors and
5-hydroxytryptamine receptors in the spinal cord by i.t.
injection of yohimbine and methysergide, respectively, inhibited the
antinociception induced by i.c.v.-administered endomorphin-1 and
endomorphin-2. However, the antinociception induced by endomorphin-2
was inhibited by i.t. pretreatment with
2-opioid
receptor antagonist naltriben or
-opioid receptor antagonist
nor-binaltorphimine, but not by the µ-opioid receptor antagonist
D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Try-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 or the
1-opioid receptor antagonist 7-benzylidene
naltrexamine. Intrathecal pretreatment with antiserum against
Met-enkephalin attenuated the antinociception induced by
i.c.v.-administered endomorphin-2, but not endomorphin-1. Furthermore,
i.t. pretreatment with antiserum against dynorphin A (1-17) also
inhibited the antinociception induced by i.c.v.-administered
endomorphin-2, but not endomorphin-1. Intrathecal pretreatment with
antiserum against Leu-enkephalin or
-endorphin did not inhibit
i.c.v.-administered endomorphin-1- or endomorphin-2-induced
antinociception. The results indicate that, like other opioid
µ-receptor agonists, morphine, and
[D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,
Gly5-ol]-enkephalin, endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 given
i.c.v. produce antinociception by activating spinipetal noradrenergic and serotonergic pathways for producing antinociception. However, the
antinociception induced by endomorphin-2 given i.c.v. also contains
other components, which are mediated by the release of Met-enkephalin
and dynorphin A (1-17) acting on opioid
2- and
-receptors, respectively, in the spinal cord.
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