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Vol. 294, Issue 1, 195-203, July 2000
Departments of Medicine (M.T., D.M.C., C.L.M.) and Biochemistry
(P.C., M.S.), Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine,
Cleveland, Ohio
The affinity of the nonpeptide antagonist OPC-21268 is greater for the
rat V1 arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptor
(V1R) than for the human V1R. Site-specific
mutagenesis was carried out to identify the residues that determine
interspecies selectivity for nonpeptide antagonist binding. The
introduction of rat amino acids in position 224, 310, 324, or 337 of
the human V1R sequence dramatically altered OPC-21268
affinity for the receptor, whereas binding of AVP, the peptide
V1R antagonist
d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP, and the nonpeptide
V1R antagonist SR49059 was not altered by these mutations.
Computer modeling explained the mutagenesis results. Docking of
OPC-21268 onto a homology-built model of the V1R receptor yielded a model for the bound ligand in which the hydrophobic part is
deeply embedded in the transmembrane region, whereas the polar part is
located on the surface of the extracellular side. The increased
affinity of the G337A mutant is due to two additional van der Waals
contacts of the alanine methyl group with carbon atoms on the
antagonist. The I310V mutant reduces the hydrophobicity in the vicinity
of the polar oxygen atom of the antagonist. The I224V mutant relieves
overcrowding in a hydrophobic binding pocket involving the aromatic
residues Trp175, Phe179, Phe307,
and Trp304. Finally, the E324D mutant enables the
formation of a hydrogen bond of the carboxylate side chain with the
amide side chain of Gln311, which in turn forms a hydrogen
bond with the N57 nitrogen atom of OPC-21268. Thus, a few residues,
distinct from those involved in agonist binding, control interspecies
selectivity toward OPC-21268 nonpeptide antagonist binding.
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